Citicoline is the name of the pharmaceutical product that chemically is cytidine-50-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), which is identical to the natural precursor of phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. After administration, CDP-choline undergos quick hydrolysis and dephosphorylation to produce cytidine and choline, which then enter the brain separately and then are used to restore CDP-choline inside neurons. This, in turn, is believed to result in inhibition of phospholipid breakdown and acceleration of phospholipid resynthesis cruitial for membrane repair. Neuroprotective properties of CDP-choline has been reported in many preclinical models of brain ischaemia and trauma. The compound has offered marked neuroprotection in many in vitro and in vivo models of brain ischaemic and neurodegenerative diseases, including brain hypoxia, ischaemia and intracerebral haemorrhage, brain and spinal cord trauma, in vitro glutamate excitotoxicity and also in vivo amyloid toxicity.